• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a comparator balance for the comparative weight measurement of a test weight piece (20) against a counterweight piece (32) according to the principle of electromagnetic compensation, comprising a lever system (12) pivotably mounted on a base (14) with a load arm (121) which carries a load receiver (18) for receiving the test weight piece (20), and with a counter load arm (122) which carries a counter load receiver (30) for receiving a counterweight piece (32), the base (14) having a first sensor arrangement (24) a first plunger coil unit (22), the movable part (221) of which is coupled to the counter load arm (122). The invention is characterized in that a second plunger coil unit (34) is arranged on the base (14), the movable part (341) of which is coupled or can be coupled to the load arm (121).
    公开号:CH712509B1
    申请号:CH00676/17
    申请日:2017-05-24
    公开日:2021-02-26
    发明作者:Dr Thomas Fröhlich Prof；Falko Hilbrunner Dr；Fehling Thomas；Ilko Rahneberg Dr
    申请人:Sartorius Lab Lnstruments Gmbh & Co Kg；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Field of the invention
    The invention relates to a comparator balance for comparative weight measurement of a test weight piece against a counterweight piece according to the principle of electromagnetic compensation, comprising a pivotably mounted lever system on a base with a load arm that carries a load to accommodate the test weight piece, and with a counter load arm , which carries a counter load receptacle for receiving a counterweight piece,wherein the base carries a first sensor arrangement with a first plunger coil unit, the movable part of which is coupled to the counter load arm.
    The invention further relates to various methods for operating such a comparator balance.
    State of the art
    Comparator scales, which have long been known to the person skilled in the art, are used for the precise measurement of weight differences. As is usual with modern precision balances, they usually work according to the principle of electromagnetic compensation. In a weighing system, which is often of monolithic design, a lever system which is pivotably articulated to a base is implemented, which has at least one load arm and one counter load arm. In the simplest case, the lever system comprises two symmetrical, simple arms in the manner of a beam balance. However, variants with asymmetrical and / or complexly folded lever guides are also known. The load arm carries a load receptacle on which the weights to be weighed can be placed. The counter load arm is coupled to a first sensor arrangement, which in particular comprises a plunger coil unit and a position sensor. The plunger coil unit typically consists of an electrical coil connected to the counter load arm and therefore movable relative to the base and a permanent magnet fixed to the base, in whose field the coil is immersed. Supplying the coil with a regulated compensation current leads to a force on the counter-load arm, which ideally exactly compensates for the weight of the weight piece positioned on the load pick-up. The sensor signal of the position sensor is used as the controlled variable of the control loop to be set to a specified "zero position". The compensation current required to compensate for the test weight also serves as a measured variable representative of the measured compensation force. In order to be able to keep the compensation current and with this heating-up effects and noise as low as possible, the counter-load arm in comparators carries a counterweight on a counter-load pick-up, the nominal weight of which corresponds to that of the weight on the load-pick-up. The arrangement is thus essentially in equilibrium with the test weight piece placed on it, so that the coil current required for precise compensation and therefore the measurement current only represents the slight difference in weight between the weight on the load arm and the counterweight on the counter load arm. To calibrate a test weight piece, at least two measurements are therefore always required, namely a differential measurement of the test weight against the counterweight and a measurement of a precisely known reference weight, likewise against the counterweight. A comparison of the two differential measurements leads to the determination of the weight difference between test weight and reference weight.
    If the nominal test weight does not correspond to the nominal counterweight, but in particular is less than the latter, a so-called substitution is required. This means that in addition to the test weight piece or reference weight piece, so-called substitute weight pieces are placed on the load suspension so that the nominal total weight on the load tray corresponds to the nominal counterweight. Otherwise, the measurement is carried out as described above. Such a comparator balance is known, for example, from DE 10 2006 031 194 B3.
    The disadvantage of such comparator scales is the high effort associated with changing the substitution weights. On the one hand, these have to be stored in a complex manner. In addition, with the specific substitution, in addition to the time required, there is always the risk of imprecise positioning on the load support, which in turn can lead to so-called corner load errors.
    Task
    It is the object of the present invention to develop a generic comparator balance in such a way that its operation becomes simpler and more reliable.
    Statement of the invention
    This object is achieved in connection with the features of the preamble of claim 1 in that a second plunger coil unit is arranged on the base, the movable part of which can be coupled or coupled to the load arm in a force-transmitting manner.
    Preferred embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims. Preferred methods for operating such a device are the subject of claims 7-9.
    The invention makes use of the knowledge that the exact size of the additional force required for the substitution on the load arm need not be known precisely. The inventors have also recognized that the origin of this substitution power is not important. The only decisive factor is their approximate size and, above all, their constancy. As explained, it must be approximately as large as the difference between the nominal weights of the test or reference weight piece on the one hand and the counterweight piece on the other. A high degree of constancy over time is necessary insofar as the above-explained measurements of the test weight piece and reference weight piece have to be carried out under the same substitution conditions. This can be ensured by the configuration according to the invention. The substitution force generated mechanically in the prior art and caused by the weight of the placed substitution weights is replaced by an electrically generated substitution force. One can also speak of “virtual substitute weights”. As with the mechanical substitution weights, the actual weight of which is rarely known with the same precision with which the measurement is carried out, the electrically generated substitution force, in particular its dependence on the substitution current applied to the second plunger coil unit, can only be determined with little precision . Keeping this electrical substitution force at an exactly constant level over a longer period of time is, however, easily possible for the person skilled in the art; all that is required here is a precise constant current source that is connected to the second plunger coil unit.
    It is particularly advantageous if the constant current source comprises a switchable resistor bank of precision resistors so that the nominal current strength and therefore the nominal substitution force can be varied in small steps - similar to a magazine of stepped substitution weights. It is essential for the invention that, in the case of a substituted weight measurement, there is a force-transmitting coupling between the second plunger coil unit and the load arm. This can be permanent. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, however, the movable part of the second plunger coil unit can be reversibly coupled to the load arm. As will be described in greater detail below, this enables special forms of application of the comparator balance according to the invention.
    As is known in principle from the prior art, the load pick-up is preferably designed as a pan below the pan. The second plunger coil unit is preferably positioned above the load arm. The lower pan configuration of the load pick-up is advantageous with regard to corner load errors that can be avoided as a result. The second plunger coil unit, on the other hand, is preferably positioned similarly to an upper-shell, additional load pick-up. There is typically enough space above the load arm. In addition, when applying a “virtual substitute weight” there is no corner load problem, since the movable and the immovable part of the plunger coil unit are anyway contactlessly coupled and the force application point of the plunger coil unit on the load receiver is very constant.
    Nevertheless, it is advisable, especially in the case of reversible connectivity, to choose a coupling point on the load arm that is aligned in the vertical direction with the articulation point of the load receptacle. This leads to the introduction of both the “mechanical” weight force of the test or reference weight on the one hand and the “virtual” weight force by the second plunger coil unit at the same effective force application point of the load arm.
    In a further development of the invention it is provided that the second plunger coil unit is part of a second sensor arrangement and can be reversibly coupled to a calibration arrangement, by means of which its movable part can be deflected and its speed can be measured relative to its fixed part. It is particularly advantageous if the second sensor arrangement and the calibration arrangement are combined in a retrofit module. This is because this enables conventional comparators to be easily upgraded to comparators according to the invention in a particularly preferred embodiment. The effects and advantages of the above-mentioned development will be explained below in connection with a special operating method.
    In the basic form of the inventive comparator balance, the preferred operating method relates to a method for measuring a weight difference between the test weight of a test weight piece of known nominal weight and the reference weight of a reference weight piece of the same nominal weight. The second plunger coil unit, in particular its movable part, is coupled to the load arm. If a second sensor arrangement is also provided, the plunger coil unit is decoupled from its calibration unit. The preferred measurement method then comprises the following steps:Calculating a difference in weight between the nominal weight and the nominal counterweight of the counterweight,Energizing the second plunger coil unit with a substitution current, which leads to a substitution force on the load arm corresponding to the determined differential weight,Placing the test weight on the load receptacle,Measuring the weight difference between the sum of test weight and substitution force on the one hand and the counterweight on the other hand by means of the first sensor arrangement,Lifting the test weight piece from the load receptacle,Placing the reference weight on the load receptacle,Measuring the weight difference between the sum of the reference weight and substitution force on the one hand and the counterweight on the other hand by means of the first sensor arrangement,Lifting the reference weight from the load support,Calculating the weight difference between the test weight and the reference weight by comparing the measured weight differences.
    This essentially corresponds to a conventional comparator measurement, but the “mechanical” substitution is replaced by a “virtual” electrical substitution.
    A frequent problem with comparator scales is that because of the comparatively large counterweight on the one hand and the comparatively small compensation force of the first sensor arrangement, in particular the first plunger coil unit, on the other hand, the lifting of the test or reference weight piece or a larger substitute weight piece leads to too large a deflection of the lever system, which can lead to the sensitive mechanical parts hitting the base. To mitigate this, padding of the stops and / or piezoelectric buffers are often provided. The embodiment of the comparator balance according to the invention can, however, be used to completely prevent undesired hitting. For this purpose, it is provided that the second plunger coil unit is automatically energized with a compensating substitution current in the event that the first sensor arrangement registers an excessive deflection of the counter-load arm. This corresponds to an instantaneous placing of a weight piece, which replaces the lifted weight piece, on the load receptacle, so that the lever system as a whole remains essentially in equilibrium. This coupling of the second plunger coil unit to the first sensor arrangement is only contradictory at first glance. As explained above, according to the invention, a constant, electrical substitution force is to be generated. However, circuits are conceivable in which the constant current supply to the second plunger coil unit is only overridden in critical cases, i.e. when the lever system threatens to hit the device as a whole, as a rescue measure by the stop prevention circuit explained.
    In a third variant of the method, the presence of the above-explained second sensor arrangement with plunger coil unit and calibration arrangement is assumed. The method starts in a state in which the second plunger coil unit is decoupled from the load arm and coupled to the calibration arrangement. It then comprises the following steps:Deflecting the second moving coil unit by means of an actuator unit of the calibration arrangement, measuring the resulting speed of the movable part of the moving coil unit relative to its fixed part and the resulting coil voltage and determining the calibration factor of the second moving coil unit from the measured variables,Uncoupling the second plunger coil unit from the calibration arrangement and coupling it to the load arm,Place a test weight on the load bearing andCarrying out a weight measurement by means of the second sensor unit.
    The first sensor arrangement has no function here. Rather, the measurement takes place solely via the second sensor arrangement, which, however, because of the exact determination of the calibration factor of the second plunger coil unit, does not require any connection to mechanical reference weights, but can be traced back to purely electrical quantities. The second sensor arrangement, in particular combined with the calibration arrangement in a retrofit module, can also, if required, be used for path measurements, positioning tasks and / or the recording of force / path characteristics.
    Further features and advantages of the invention emerge from the following specific description and the drawings.
    Brief description of the drawings
    The figures show: FIG. 1: a first embodiment of a comparator balance according to the invention, FIG. 2: a second embodiment of a comparator balance according to the invention.
    Detailed description of preferred embodiments
    The same reference symbols in the figures indicate the same or analogous elements.
    FIG. 1 shows, in a highly schematic representation, the basic structure of a first embodiment of a comparator balance 10 according to the invention.
    The lever system 12 of the comparator balance 10 is shown here in the form of a simple, symmetrical beam which is hinged to a base 14. A joint 16 divides the beam 12 into a load arm 121 (left in Figure 1) and a counter load arm 122 (right in Figure 1). The person skilled in the art will understand, however, that in practice the lever system 12 is typically designed to be more complicated and, in particular, can be a lever system that is folded for translation.
    The load arm 121 carries a lower shell load receptacle 18 which is used to receive a test or reference weight piece 20. The counter load arm 122, on the other hand, carries a plunger coil 221 which is immersed in the magnetic field of a permanent magnet 222 fixed to the base. Together, the plunger coil 221 and the permanent magnet 222 form a first plunger coil unit 22. The plunger coil unit 22 is part of a first sensor arrangement 24 which, in addition to the first plunger coil unit 22, also includes a position sensor 26, by means of which the deflection position of the counter load arm 122 can be detected. The first sensor arrangement 24 is connected to a control unit 28 in terms of control and measurement technology. In particular, a control loop is implemented by means of which a compensation current through the plunger coil 222 is regulated in such a way that a deflection of the counter load arm 122 caused by the test or reference weight 20 is compensated instantaneously in such a way that the position indicator of the counter load arm 122 monitored by the position sensor 26 in its “Zero position” remains. The compensation current required for this is also used as a measuring current. It represents the force required to keep the lever system 12 in balance.
    The counter load arm 122 also carries a counter load receptacle 30 for receiving a counterweight piece 32. Such a comparator is primarily suitable for measuring test or reference weights with a nominal weight which corresponds to the nominal counterweight of the counterweight piece 32 in comparison to the counterweight . The nominal weight of the test or reference weight piece 20 and the nominal weight of the counterweight piece 32 do not have to be completely identical. A similarity that falls within the range of the measurement window covered by the first sensor arrangement 26 is sufficient.
    If a test or reference weight piece 20 is to be weighed, which is smaller than the nominal weight of the counterweight piece 32 by more than the measurement window width, a substitution is required, ie the load arm 121 must be loaded with an additional substitution force that is so great that the lever system 12 is approximately in equilibrium, ie the first sensor arrangement 24 is located within its measuring window.
    For this purpose, according to the invention, a second plunger coil unit 34 is provided, the second plunger coil 341 of which is immersed in the magnetic field of a second permanent magnet 342 fixed to the base and is coupled to the load arm 121 in a force-transmitting manner. The plunger coil 341 can be energized by means of a selectable constant current from a constant current source 36. Of the constant current source, FIG. 1 shows only a bank of switchable precision resistors which are used to set the constant current in small steps. The constant current serves as a substitution current in order to exert a substitution force on the load arm 121 by means of the second plunger coil unit 34; the substitution force generated by means of the substitution current can be used in exactly the same way as that by mechanical substitution weights on the load receptacle 18 in the prior art.
    For this purpose, no connection to the control unit 28 is required, as indicated in FIG. 1 by the interruption of the control and measuring path between the control unit 28 and the constant current source 36. Nevertheless, there can be embodiments in which such a connection is advantageous. In particular, within the scope of an operating method according to the invention, it can be provided that the second replacement coil unit 34 is supplied with compensatory current in cases in which the first sensor arrangement 24 registers an excessive deflection of the counter-load arm 122, so that the lever system 12 does not strike hard against a fixed stop.
    FIG. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the comparator balance 10 according to the invention, the special features of which, explained below, can also be used in combination with the properties and elements described above in the context of FIG. 1. In this embodiment, the second plunger coil unit 34 is part of a second sensor arrangement 38 which, in addition to said second plunger coil unit 34, also has a second position sensor 40, which is preferably designed as an interferometer. The second plunger coil 341 is reversibly coupled, on the one hand, to the load arm 121 via a first coupling point 42 and, on the other hand, likewise reversibly to an actuator 46 via a second coupling point 44. Such an embodiment of the comparator balance according to the invention can also be operated without the use of the first sensor arrangement 24, as indicated by the interruption of the control and measurement path between the first sensor arrangement 24 and the control unit 28 in FIG. In a first step, the second plunger coil 341 is decoupled from the load arm 121. On the other hand, however, it is coupled to the actuator 46. In this state, the second plunger coil 341 is deflected relative to the permanent magnet 342 by means of the actuator 46, preferably in a periodic, particularly preferably in a harmonic oscillation. On the one hand, the voltage induced in the second plunger coil 341 is measured. On the other hand, the speed of the second moving coil 341 is measured relative to the base by means of the interferometric position sensor 40. The calibration factor “BI” of the second moving coil unit 34 can be determined from this. In a subsequent weight measurement, in which the second plunger coil 341 is decoupled from the actuator 46 and coupled to the load arm 121, the compensation / measurement current can be converted into a force without being connected to a weight standard and with feedback to purely electrical quantities. This force corresponds to the difference in weight between the weight of the test or reference weight piece acting on the load arm 121 and the weight of the counterweight piece 32 acting on the counter load arm 122.
    As indicated by the dash-dotted box in FIG. 2, the second sensor arrangement 38 and the actuator 46 are preferably combined as a retrofit module 48. In embodiments without an actuator 46, the second sensor arrangement 36 alone, i.e. the second plunger coil unit 34 together with the second position sensor 40, can also be combined in a retrofit module.
    Of course, the embodiments discussed in the specific description and shown in the figures are only illustrative embodiments of the present invention. In the light of the disclosure here, a person skilled in the art is provided with a wide range of possible variations. In particular, the operating methods for a comparator balance according to the invention are not limited to the examples explicitly described. In addition to force measurements, displacement measurements, positioning tasks and the recording of force / displacement characteristics are also conceivable.
    List of reference symbols
    10 Comparator balance 12 lever system 121 load arm from 12 122 counter load arm from 12 14 base 16 joint 18 load pick-up 20 test / reference weight piece 22 first plunger coil unit 221 first plunger coil 222 first permanent magnet 24 first sensor arrangement 26 first position sensor 28 control unit 30 counter load receptacle 32 counterweight piece 34 second plunger coil unit 341 second plunger coil 342 second permanent magnet 36 constant current source 38 second sensor arrangement 40 second position sensor 42 first coupling point 44 second coupling point 46 actuator of the calibration arrangement 48 retrofit module
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    1. Comparator balance for comparative weight measurement of a test weight piece (20) against a counterweight piece (32) according to the principle of electromagnetic compensation, comprising a lever system (12) pivotably mounted on a base (14) with a load arm (121) which carries a load (18 ) for receiving the test weight piece (20), and with a counter load arm (122) which carries a counter load receptacle (30) for receiving a counter weight piece (32),wherein the base (14) carries a first sensor arrangement (24) with a first plunger coil unit (22), the movable part (221) of which is coupled to the counter load arm (122),characterized,that a second plunger coil unit (34) is arranged on the base (14), the movable part (341) of which is coupled or can be coupled to the load arm (121) in a force-transmitting manner.
    [2]
    2. Comparator balance according to claim 1,characterized,that the movable part (341) of the second plunger coil unit (34) can be reversibly coupled to the load arm (121).
    [3]
    3. Comparator balance according to one of the preceding claims,characterized,that the load pick-up (18) is designed as a lower pan and the second plunger coil unit (34) is positioned above the load arm (121).
    [4]
    4. Comparator balance according to claim 3,characterized,that a coupling point (22) for the reversible coupling of the movable part (341) of the second plunger coil unit (34) is arranged vertically with the articulation point of the load receptacle (18) on the load arm (121).
    [5]
    5. Comparator balance according to claim 2 or one of claims 3 to 4, insofar as it refers back to claim 2,characterized,that the second plunger coil unit (34) is part of a second sensor arrangement (38) and can be reversibly coupled to a calibration arrangement (46) by means of which its movable part (341) can be deflected and its speed can be measured relative to its fixed part (342).
    [6]
    6. Comparator balance according to claim 5,characterized,that the second sensor arrangement (34) and the calibration arrangement (46) are combined in a retrofit module.
    [7]
    7. A method for measuring a weight difference between the test weight of a test weight piece of known nominal weight and the reference weight of a reference weight piece of the same nominal weight by means of a comparator scale (10) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the second plunger coil unit (34) is coupled to the load arm (121) and, if present, is decoupled from the calibration arrangement (46), comprising the steps:- Calculating a difference weight between the nominal weight and the nominal counterweight of the counterweight piece (32),- energizing the second plunger coil unit (34) with a substitution current which leads to a substitution force on the load arm (121) corresponding to the determined differential weight,- placing the test weight on the load receptacle (18),- measuring the weight difference between the sum of test weight and substitution force on the one hand and the counterweight on the other hand by means of the first sensor arrangement (24),- Lifting the test weight piece from the load receptacle (18),- placing the reference weight on the load receptacle (18),- measuring the weight difference between the sum of the reference weight and substitution force on the one hand and the counterweight on the other hand by means of the first sensor arrangement (24),- Lifting the reference weight from the load receptacle (18),- Calculating the weight difference between the test weight and the reference weight by comparing the measured weight differences.
    [8]
    8. A method for preventing the lever system (12) from hitting during operation of a comparator balance according to one of Claims 1 to 6, in which the second plunger coil unit (34) is coupled to the load arm (121) and, if present, from the calibration arrangement (46) is disconnected,characterized,that the second plunger coil unit (34), in the event that when a weight (20) is lifted from the load pick-up (18), the first sensor arrangement registers a deflection of the counter-load arm (122) exceeding a predetermined amount, to prevent the lever system (12) from hitting is automatically energized with a compensating substitution current.
    [9]
    9. The method for operating a comparator balance according to one of claims 5 to 6, in which the second plunger coil unit (34) is decoupled from the load arm (121) and is coupled to the calibration arrangement (46),comprehensive the steps:- Deflecting the second moving coil unit (34) by means of an actuator unit (46) of the calibration arrangement, measuring the resulting speed of the movable part (341) of the second moving coil unit (34) relative to its fixed part (342) and the resulting coil voltage and determining the calibration factor of the second moving coil unit (34) from the measured variables,- uncoupling the second plunger coil unit (34) from the calibration arrangement (46) and coupling it to the load arm (121),- placing a test weight on the load receptacle (18) and- Carrying out a weight measurement by means of the second sensor unit (38).
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
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